安裝pymysql

          
            pip install pymysql
          
        

使用pymysql

使用數(shù)據(jù)查詢語(yǔ)句

• 查詢一條數(shù)據(jù)fetchone()

          
            from pymysql import *

conn = connect(
    host='127.0.0.1',
    port=3306, user='root',
    password='123456',
    database='itcast',
    charset='utf8')

# 創(chuàng)建游標(biāo)
c = conn.cursor()
# 執(zhí)行sql語(yǔ)句
c.execute("select * from student")
# 查詢一行數(shù)據(jù)
result = c.fetchone()
print(result)
# 關(guān)閉游標(biāo)
c.close()
# 關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接
conn.close()
"""
(1, '張三', 18, b'\x01')
"""
          
        

• 查詢多條數(shù)據(jù)fetchall()

          
            from pymysql import *

conn = connect(
    host='127.0.0.1',
    port=3306, user='root',
    password='123456',
    database='itcast',
    charset='utf8')

# 創(chuàng)建游標(biāo)
c = conn.cursor()
# 執(zhí)行sql語(yǔ)句
c.execute("select * from student")
# 查詢多行數(shù)據(jù)
result = c.fetchall()
for item in result:
    print(item)
# 關(guān)閉游標(biāo)
c.close()
# 關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接
conn.close()
"""
(1, '張三', 18, b'\x01')
(2, '李四', 19, b'\x00')
(3, '王五', 20, b'\x01')
"""
          
        

• 更改游標(biāo)的默認(rèn)設(shè)置，返回值為字典

          
            from pymysql import *

conn = connect(
    host='127.0.0.1',
    port=3306, user='root',
    password='123456',
    database='itcast',
    charset='utf8')

# 創(chuàng)建游標(biāo)，操作設(shè)置為字典類型
c = conn.cursor(cursors.DictCursor)
# 執(zhí)行sql語(yǔ)句
c.execute("select * from student")
# 查詢多行數(shù)據(jù)
result = c.fetchall()
for item in result:
    print(item)
# 關(guān)閉游標(biāo)
c.close()
# 關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接
conn.close()
"""
{'id': 1, 'name': '張三', 'age': 18, 'sex': b'\x01'}
{'id': 2, 'name': '李四', 'age': 19, 'sex': b'\x00'}
{'id': 3, 'name': '王五', 'age': 20, 'sex': b'\x01'}
"""
          
        

返回一條數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)也是一樣的。返回字典或者時(shí)元組看個(gè)人需要。

使用數(shù)據(jù)操作語(yǔ)句

執(zhí)行增加、刪除、更新語(yǔ)句的操作其實(shí)是一樣的。只寫一個(gè)作為示范。

          
            from pymysql import *

conn = connect(
    host='127.0.0.1',
    port=3306, user='root',
    password='123456',
    database='itcast',
    charset='utf8')

# 創(chuàng)建游標(biāo)
c = conn.cursor()
# 執(zhí)行sql語(yǔ)句
c.execute("insert into student(name,age,sex) values (%s,%s,%s)",("小二",28,1))
# 提交事務(wù)
conn.commit()
# 關(guān)閉游標(biāo)
c.close()
# 關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接
conn.close()
          
        

和查詢語(yǔ)句不同的是必須使用commit()提交事務(wù)，否則操作就是無(wú)效的。

編寫數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接類

• 普通版

MysqlHelper.py

          
            from pymysql import connect,cursors

class MysqlHelper:
    def __init__(self,
                 host="127.0.0.1",
                 user="root",
                 password="123456",
                 database="itcast",
                 charset='utf8',
                 port=3306):
        self.host = host
        self.port = port
        self.user = user
        self.password = password
        self.database = database
        self.charset = charset
        self._conn = None
        self._cursor = None

    def _open(self):
        # print("連接已打開")
        self._conn = connect(host=self.host,
                             port=self.port,
                             user=self.user,
                             password=self.password,
                             database=self.database,
                             charset=self.charset)
        self._cursor = self._conn.cursor(cursors.DictCursor)

    def _close(self):
        # print("連接已關(guān)閉")
        self._cursor.close()
        self._conn.close()

    def one(self, sql, params=None):
        result: tuple = None
        try:
            self._open()
            self._cursor.execute(sql, params)
            result = self._cursor.fetchone()
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
        finally:
            self._close()
        return result

    def all(self, sql, params=None):
        result: tuple = None
        try:
            self._open()
            self._cursor.execute(sql, params)
            result = self._cursor.fetchall()
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
        finally:
            self._close()
        return result

    def exe(self, sql, params=None):
        try:
            self._open()
            self._cursor.execute(sql, params)
            self._conn.commit()
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
        finally:
            self._close()

          
        

該類封裝了fetchone、fetchall、execute，省去了數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接的打開和關(guān)閉和游標(biāo)的打開和關(guān)閉。
下面的代碼是調(diào)用該類的小示例：

          
            from MysqlHelper import *

mysqlhelper = MysqlHelper()
ret = mysqlhelper.all("select * from student")
for item in ret:
    print(item)
"""
{'id': 1, 'name': '張三', 'age': 18, 'sex': b'\x01'}
{'id': 2, 'name': '李四', 'age': 19, 'sex': b'\x00'}
{'id': 3, 'name': '王五', 'age': 20, 'sex': b'\x01'}
{'id': 5, 'name': '小二', 'age': 28, 'sex': b'\x01'}
{'id': 6, 'name': '娃哈哈', 'age': 28, 'sex': b'\x01'}
{'id': 7, 'name': '娃哈哈', 'age': 28, 'sex': b'\x01'}
"""
          
        

• 上下文管理器版

mysql_with.py

          
            from pymysql import connect, cursors

class DB:
    def __init__(self,
                 host='localhost',
                 port=3306,
                 db='itcast',
                 user='root',
                 passwd='123456',
                 charset='utf8'):
        # 建立連接
        self.conn = connect(
            host=host,
            port=port,
            db=db,
            user=user,
            passwd=passwd,
            charset=charset)
        # 創(chuàng)建游標(biāo)，操作設(shè)置為字典類型
        self.cur = self.conn.cursor(cursor=cursors.DictCursor)

    def __enter__(self):
        # 返回游標(biāo)
        return self.cur

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        # 提交數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)并執(zhí)行
        self.conn.commit()
        # 關(guān)閉游標(biāo)
        self.cur.close()
        # 關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接
        self.conn.close()
          
        

如何使用：

          
            from mysql_with import DB

with DB() as db:
    db.execute("select * from student")
    ret = db.fetchone()
    print(ret)

"""
{'id': 1, 'name': '張三', 'age': 18, 'sex': b'\x01'}
"""