PostgreSQL是一款功能強大的開源關系型數據庫，本文使用python實現了對開源數據庫PostgreSQL的常用操作，其開發過程簡介如下：
一、環境信息：
?? 1、操作系統：
??????? RedHat Enterprise Linux 4
??????? Windows XP SP2
? 2、數據庫：
??????? PostgreSQL8.3
? 3、 開發工具:
??????? Eclipse+Pydev+python2.6+PyGreSQL(提供pg模塊)
? 4、說明：
??????? a、PostgreSQL數據庫運行于RedHat Linux上，Windows下也要安裝pgAdmin（訪問PostgreSQL服務器的客戶端）。
??????? b、PyGreSQL(即pg)模塊下載路徑及API手冊：http://www.pygresql.org/
?PyGreSQL模塊點此本站下載
二、配置：
?????? 1、將pgAdmin安裝路徑下以下子目錄添加到系統環境變量中:
???????????? E:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\8.3\lib
???????????? E:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\8.3\bin
?????? 2、將python安裝目錄C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\pywin32_system32下的dll文件拷貝到C:\WINDOWS\system32
?????? 3、說明：如果跳過以上兩步，在import pg時將會報錯，并且會浪費較長時間才能搞定。
三、程序實現：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#導入日志及pg模塊
import logging
import logging.config
import pg
#日志配置文件名
LOG_FILENAME = 'logging.conf'
#日志語句提示信息
LOG_CONTENT_NAME = 'pg_log'
def log_init(log_config_filename, logname):
'''
Function:日志模塊初始化函數
Input：log_config_filename:日志配置文件名
lognmae:每條日志前的提示語句
Output: logger
author: socrates
date:2012-02-12
'''
logging.config.fileConfig(log_config_filename)
logger = logging.getLogger(logname)
return logger
def operate_postgre_tbl_product():
'''
Function:操作pg數據庫函數
Input：NONE
Output: NONE
author: socrates
date:2012-02-12
'''
pgdb_logger.debug("operate_postgre_tbl_product enter...")
#連接數據庫
try:
pgdb_conn = pg.connect(dbname = 'kevin_test', host = '192.168.230.128', user = 'dyx1024', passwd = '888888')
except Exception, e:
print e.args[0]
pgdb_logger.error("conntect postgre database failed, ret = %s" % e.args[0])
return
pgdb_logger.info("conntect postgre database(kevin_test) succ.")
#刪除表
sql_desc = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tbl_product3;"
try:
pgdb_conn.query(sql_desc)
except Exception, e:
print 'drop table failed'
pgdb_logger.error("drop table failed, ret = %s" % e.args[0])
pgdb_conn.close()
return
pgdb_logger.info("drop table(tbl_product3) succ.")
#創建表
sql_desc = '''CREATE TABLE tbl_product3(
i_index INTEGER,
sv_productname VARCHAR(32)
);'''
try:
pgdb_conn.query(sql_desc)
except Exception, e:
print 'create table failed'
pgdb_logger.error("create table failed, ret = %s" % e.args[0])
pgdb_conn.close()
return
pgdb_logger.info("create table(tbl_product3) succ.")
#插入記錄
sql_desc = "INSERT INTO tbl_product3(sv_productname) values('apple')"
try:
pgdb_conn.query(sql_desc)
except Exception, e:
print 'insert record into table failed'
pgdb_logger.error("insert record into table failed, ret = %s" % e.args[0])
pgdb_conn.close()
return
pgdb_logger.info("insert record into table(tbl_product3) succ.")
#查詢表 1
sql_desc = "select * from tbl_product3"
for row in pgdb_conn.query(sql_desc).dictresult():
print row
pgdb_logger.info("%s", row)
#查詢表2
sql_desc = "select * from tbl_test_port"
for row in pgdb_conn.query(sql_desc).dictresult():
print row
pgdb_logger.info("%s", row)
#關閉數據庫連接
pgdb_conn.close()
pgdb_logger.debug("operate_sqlite3_tbl_product leaving...")
if __name__ == '__main__':
#初始化日志系統
pgdb_logger = log_init(LOG_FILENAME, LOG_CONTENT_NAME)
#操作數據庫
operate_postgre_tbl_product()
四、測試：
?1、運行后命令行打印結果：
{'sv_productname': 'apple', 'i_index': None}
{'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 2, 'i_index': 1}
{'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 3, 'i_index': 2}
{'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 5, 'i_index': 3}
{'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 0, 'i_index': 5}
{'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 18, 'i_index': 7}
{'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 8, 'i_index': 8}
{'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 7, 'i_index': 9}
{'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 21, 'i_index': 10}
{'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 23, 'i_index': 11}
{'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 29, 'i_index': 12}
{'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 3000, 'i_index': 4}
{'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 1999, 'i_index': 6}
2、日志文件內容：
[2012-02-12 18:09:53,536 pg_log]DEBUG: operate_postgre_tbl_product enter... (test_func.py:36)
[2012-02-12 18:09:53,772 pg_log]INFO: conntect postgre database(kevin_test) succ. (test_func.py:46)
[2012-02-12 18:09:53,786 pg_log]INFO: drop table(tbl_product3) succ. (test_func.py:58)
[2012-02-12 18:09:53,802 pg_log]INFO: create table(tbl_product3) succ. (test_func.py:73)
[2012-02-12 18:09:53,802 pg_log]INFO: insert record into table(tbl_product3) succ. (test_func.py:85)
[2012-02-12 18:09:53,802 pg_log]INFO: {'sv_productname': 'apple', 'i_index': None} (test_func.py:91)
[2012-02-12 18:09:53,802 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 2, 'i_index': 1} (test_func.py:97)
[2012-02-12 18:09:53,802 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 3, 'i_index': 2} (test_func.py:97)
[2012-02-12 18:09:53,802 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 5, 'i_index': 3} (test_func.py:97)
[2012-02-12 18:09:53,802 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 0, 'i_index': 5} (test_func.py:97)
[2012-02-12 18:09:53,819 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 18, 'i_index': 7} (test_func.py:97)
[2012-02-12 18:09:53,819 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 8, 'i_index': 8} (test_func.py:97)
[2012-02-12 18:09:53,819 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 7, 'i_index': 9} (test_func.py:97)
[2012-02-12 18:09:53,819 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 21, 'i_index': 10} (test_func.py:97)
[2012-02-12 18:09:53,819 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 23, 'i_index': 11} (test_func.py:97)
[2012-02-12 18:09:53,819 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 29, 'i_index': 12} (test_func.py:97)
[2012-02-12 18:09:53,819 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 3000, 'i_index': 4} (test_func.py:97)
[2012-02-12 18:09:53,819 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 1999, 'i_index': 6} (test_func.py:97)
[2012-02-12 18:09:53,819 pg_log]DEBUG: operate_sqlite3_tbl_product leaving... (test_func.py:101)
3、psql查看結果：
[root@kevin ~]# su - postgres
[postgres@kevin ~]$ psql -U dyx1024 -d kevin_test
psql (8.4.2)
Type "help" for help.
kevin_test=# \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+---------------+-------+----------------
public | tbl_product3 | table | dyx1024
public | tbl_test_port | table | pg_test_user_3
(2 rows)
kevin_test=# select * from tbl_product3;
i_index | sv_productname
---------+----------------
| apple
(1 row)
kevin_test=# select * from tbl_test_port;
i_index | i_port | i_status
---------+--------+----------
1 | 2 | 1
2 | 3 | 1
3 | 5 | 1
5 | 0 | 1
7 | 18 | 1
8 | 8 | 1
9 | 7 | 1
10 | 21 | 1
11 | 23 | 1
12 | 29 | 1
4 | 3000 | 1
6 | 1999 | 1
(12 rows)
kevin_test=# \q
[postgres@kevin ~]$
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