public static class Binding extends Activity {


/** The primary interface we will be calling on the service. */

IRemoteService mService = null;

/** Another interface we use on the service. */

ISecondary mSecondaryService = null;

Button mKillButton;

TextView mCallbackText;

private boolean mIsBound;

/**

* Standard initialization of this activity.  Set up the UI, then wait

* for the user to poke it before doing anything.

*/

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    setContentView(R.layout.remote_service_binding);

    // Watch for button clicks.

    Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bind);

    button.setOnClickListener(mBindListener);

    button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.unbind);

    button.setOnClickListener(mUnbindListener);

    mKillButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.kill);

    mKillButton.setOnClickListener(mKillListener);

    mKillButton.setEnabled(false); 

 

    mCallbackText = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.callback);

   mCallbackText.setText("Not attached.");

}

 

/**

  * Class for interacting with the main interface of the service.

  */

private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {

   public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {

        // This is called when the connection with the service has been

        // established, giving us the service object we can use to

        // interact with the service.  We are communicating with our

        // service through an IDL interface, so get a client-side

        // representation of that from the raw service object.

        mService = IRemoteService.Stub.asInterface(service);

        mKillButton.setEnabled(true);

        mCallbackText.setText("Attached.");

        // We want to monitor the service for as long as we are

        // connected to it.

        try {

                mService.registerCallback(mCallback);

        } catch (RemoteException e) {

            // In this case the service has crashed before we could even

            // do anything with it; we can count on soon being

            // disconnected (and then reconnected if it can be restarted)

            // so there is no need to do anything here.

        }

 

       // As part of the sample, tell the user what happened.

       Toast.makeText(Binding.this, R.string.remote_service_connected,

             Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

    }

 

    public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {

        // This is called when the connection with the service has been

        // unexpectedly disconnected -- that is, its process crashed.

        mService = null;

        mKillButton.setEnabled(false);

        mCallbackText.setText("Disconnected.");

 

        // As part of the sample, tell the user what happened.

        Toast.makeText(Binding.this, R.string.remote_service_disconnected,

             Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

    }

};

 

/**

  * Class for interacting with the secondary interface of the service.

  */

private ServiceConnection mSecondaryConnection = new ServiceConnection() {

   public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {

        // Connecting to a secondary interface is the same as any

        // other interface.

        mSecondaryService = ISecondary.Stub.asInterface(service);

        mKillButton.setEnabled(true);

    }

 

    public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {

        mSecondaryService = null;

        mKillButton.setEnabled(false);

    }

};

 

private OnClickListener mBindListener = new OnClickListener() {

   public void onClick(View v) {

        // Establish a couple connections with the service, binding

        // by interface names.  This allows other applications to be

        // installed that replace the remote service by implementing

        // the same interface.

       bindService(new Intent(IRemoteService.class.getName()),

              mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

            bindService(new Intent(ISecondary.class.getName()),

             mSecondaryConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

         mIsBound = true;

         mCallbackText.setText("Binding.");

    }

};

 

private OnClickListener mUnbindListener = new OnClickListener() {

    public void onClick(View v) {

       if (mIsBound) {

            // If we have received the service, and hence registered with

            // it, then now is the time to unregister.

            if (mService != null) {

                 try {

                     mService.unregisterCallback(mCallback);

                 } catch (RemoteException e) {

                    // There is nothing special we need to do if the service

                    // has crashed.

                }

           }

 

           // Detach our existing connection.

            unbindService(mConnection);

            unbindService(mSecondaryConnection);

            mKillButton.setEnabled(false);

            mIsBound = false;

            mCallbackText.setText("Unbinding.");

       }

   }

};

 

private OnClickListener mKillListener = new OnClickListener() {

    public void onClick(View v) {

         // To kill the process hosting our service, we need to know its

         // PID.  Conveniently our service has a call that will return

         // to us that information.

         if (mSecondaryService != null) {

             try {

                int pid = mSecondaryService.getPid();

                // Note that, though this API allows us to request to

                // kill any process based on its PID, the kernel will

                // still impose standard restrictions on which PIDs you

                // are actually able to kill.  Typically this means only

                // the process running your application and any additional

                // processes created by that app as shown here; packages

                // sharing a common UID will also be able to kill each

                // other's processes.

                Process.killProcess(pid);
                    mCallbackText.setText("Killed service process.");

          } catch (RemoteException ex) {

                // Recover gracefully from the process hosting the

                // server dying.

                // Just for purposes of the sample, put up a notification.

                Toast.makeText(Binding.this,

                       R.string.remote_call_failed,

                       Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

                }

            }

        }

    };

 

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------

 // Code showing how to deal with callbacks.

 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------

 

/**

  * This implementation is used to receive callbacks from the remote

  * service.

*/

private IRemoteServiceCallback mCallback = new IRemoteServiceCallback.Stub() {

   /**

     * This is called by the remote service regularly to tell us about

     * new values.  Note that IPC calls are dispatched through a thread

     * pool running in each process, so the code executing here will

     * NOT be running in our main thread like most other things -- so,

     * to update the UI, we need to use a Handler to hop over there.

    */

   public void valueChanged(int value) {

       mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(BUMP_MSG, value, 0));

   }

};

private static final int BUMP_MSG = 1;

private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {

   @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) {

       switch (msg.what) {

           case BUMP_MSG:

               mCallbackText.setText("Received from service: " + msg.arg1);

               break;

           default:

               super.handleMessage(msg);

        }

   }

};

}