概要
活動(dòng)目錄（Active Directory）是面向Windows Standard Server、Windows Enterprise Server以及 Windows Datacenter Server的目錄服務(wù)。（Active Directory不能運(yùn)行在Windows Web Server上，但是可以通過它對(duì)運(yùn)行Windows Web Server的計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行管理。）Active Directory存儲(chǔ)了有關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)象的信息，并且讓管理員和用戶能夠輕松地查找和使用這些信息。Active Directory使用了一種結(jié)構(gòu)化的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)方式，并以此作為基礎(chǔ)對(duì)目錄信息進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的分層組織。
Microsoft Active Directory 服務(wù)是Windows 平臺(tái)的核心組件，它為用戶管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境各個(gè)組成要素的標(biāo)識(shí)和關(guān)系提供了一種有力的手段。
功能
活動(dòng)目錄(Active Directory)主要提供以下功能：
①基礎(chǔ)網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)：包括DNS、WINS、DHCP、證書服務(wù)等。
②服務(wù)器及客戶端計(jì)算機(jī)管理：管理服務(wù)器及客戶端計(jì)算機(jī)賬戶，所有服務(wù)器及客戶端計(jì)算機(jī)加入域管理并實(shí)施組策略。
③用戶服務(wù)：管理用戶域賬戶、用戶信息、企業(yè)通訊錄（與電子郵件系統(tǒng)集成）、用戶組管理、用戶身份認(rèn)證、用戶授權(quán)管理等，按省實(shí)施組管理策略。
④資源管理：管理打印機(jī)、文件共享服務(wù)等網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源。
⑤桌面配置：系統(tǒng)管理員可以集中的配置各種桌面配置策略，如：界面功能的限制、應(yīng)用程序執(zhí)行特征限制、網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接限制、安全配置限制等。
⑥應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)支撐：支持財(cái)務(wù)、人事、電子郵件、企業(yè)信息門戶、辦公自動(dòng)化、補(bǔ)丁管理、防病毒系統(tǒng)等各種應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)。
LDAP
? LDAP是輕量目錄訪問協(xié)議，英文全稱是Lightweight Directory Access Protocol。?
? LDAP是基于X.500標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的。?
? LDAP 僅通過使用原始 X.500目錄存取協(xié)議 (DAP) 的功能子集而減少了所需的系統(tǒng)資源消耗。?
? 與X.500不同，LDAP支持TCP/IP，這對(duì)訪問Internet是必須的。?
? LDAP和關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫是兩種不同層次的概念，后者是存貯方式（同一層次如網(wǎng)格數(shù)據(jù)庫，對(duì)象數(shù)據(jù)庫），前者是存貯模式和訪問協(xié)議。?
? LDAP是一個(gè)比關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫抽象層次更高的存貯概念，與關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫的查詢語言SQL屬同一級(jí)別。
?
開發(fā)功能
先看看System.DirectoryServices的代碼
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namespace
System.DirectoryServices
{
????
[DSDescription(
"DirectoryEntryDesc"
)]
????
[TypeConverter(
typeof
(DirectoryEntryConverter))]
????
[SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.Assert, Flags = SecurityPermissionFlag.UnmanagedCode)]
????
[EnvironmentPermission(SecurityAction.Assert, Unrestricted =
true
)]
????
[DirectoryServicesPermission(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Unrestricted =
true
)]
????
public
class
DirectoryEntry : Component
????
{
????????
[DirectoryServicesPermission(SecurityAction.Demand, Unrestricted =
true
)]
????????
public
DirectoryEntry();
?
????????
[DirectoryServicesPermission(SecurityAction.Demand, Unrestricted =
true
)]
????????
public
DirectoryEntry(
string
path);
?
????????
[DirectoryServicesPermission(SecurityAction.Demand, Unrestricted =
true
)]
????????
public
DirectoryEntry(
string
path,
string
username,
string
password);
?
????????
[DirectoryServicesPermission(SecurityAction.Demand, Unrestricted =
true
)]
????????
public
DirectoryEntry(
string
path,
string
username,
string
password, AuthenticationTypes authenticationType);
?
????????
[DirectoryServicesPermission(SecurityAction.Demand, Unrestricted =
true
)]
????????
public
DirectoryEntry(
object
adsObject);
?
????????
[DefaultValue(AuthenticationTypes.Secure)]
????????
[DSDescription(
"DSAuthenticationType"
)]
????????
public
AuthenticationTypes AuthenticationType {
get
;
set
; }
?
????????
[DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
????????
[DSDescription(
"DSChildren"
)]
????????
[Browsable(
false
)]
????????
public
DirectoryEntries Children {
get
; }
?
????????
[DSDescription(
"DSGuid"
)]
????????
[Browsable(
false
)]
????????
[DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
????????
public
Guid Guid {
get
; }
?
????????
[DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
????????
[Browsable(
false
)]
????????
[DSDescription(
"DSObjectSecurity"
)]
????????
public
ActiveDirectorySecurity ObjectSecurity {
get
;
set
; }
?
????????
[DSDescription(
"DSName"
)]
????????
[Browsable(
false
)]
????????
[DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
????????
public
string
Name {
get
; }
?
????????
[DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
????????
[DSDescription(
"DSNativeGuid"
)]
????????
[Browsable(
false
)]
????????
public
string
NativeGuid {
get
; }
?
????????
[DSDescription(
"DSNativeObject"
)]
????????
[DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
????????
[Browsable(
false
)]
????????
public
object
NativeObject {
get
; }
?
????????
[DSDescription(
"DSParent"
)]
????????
[DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
????????
[Browsable(
false
)]
????????
public
DirectoryEntry Parent {
get
; }
?
????????
[DefaultValue(
null
)]
????????
[Browsable(
false
)]
????????
[DSDescription(
"DSPassword"
)]
????????
public
string
Password {
set
; }
?
????????
[SettingsBindable(
true
)]
????????
[DefaultValue(
""
)]
????????
[TypeConverter(
"System.Diagnostics.Design.StringValueConverter, System.Design, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"
)]
????????
[DSDescription(
"DSPath"
)]
????????
public
string
Path {
get
;
set
; }
?
????????
[DSDescription(
"DSProperties"
)]
????????
[DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
????????
[Browsable(
false
)]
????????
public
PropertyCollection Properties {
get
; }
?
????????
[DSDescription(
"DSSchemaClassName"
)]
????????
[Browsable(
false
)]
????????
[DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
????????
public
string
SchemaClassName {
get
; }
?
????????
[Browsable(
false
)]
????????
[DSDescription(
"DSSchemaEntry"
)]
????????
[DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
????????
public
DirectoryEntry SchemaEntry {
get
; }
?
????????
[DefaultValue(
true
)]
????????
[DSDescription(
"DSUsePropertyCache"
)]
????????
public
bool
UsePropertyCache {
get
;
set
; }
?
????????
[DSDescription(
"DSUsername"
)]
????????
[DefaultValue(
null
)]
????????
[Browsable(
false
)]
????????
[TypeConverter(
"System.Diagnostics.Design.StringValueConverter, System.Design, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"
)]
????????
public
string
Username {
get
;
set
; }
?
????????
[DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
????????
[ComVisible(
false
)]
????????
[DSDescription(
"DSOptions"
)]
????????
[Browsable(
false
)]
????????
public
DirectoryEntryConfiguration Options {
get
; }
?
????????
public
void
Close();
????????
public
void
CommitChanges();
????????
public
DirectoryEntry CopyTo(DirectoryEntry newParent);
????????
public
DirectoryEntry CopyTo(DirectoryEntry newParent,
string
newName);
????????
public
void
DeleteTree();
????????
protected
override
void
Dispose(
bool
disposing);
????????
public
static
bool
Exists(
string
path);
????????
public
object
Invoke(
string
methodName,
params
object
[] args);
?
????????
[ComVisible(
false
)]
????????
public
object
InvokeGet(
string
propertyName);
?
????????
[ComVisible(
false
)]
????????
public
void
InvokeSet(
string
propertyName,
params
object
[] args);
?
????????
public
void
MoveTo(DirectoryEntry newParent);
????????
public
void
MoveTo(DirectoryEntry newParent,
string
newName);
????????
public
void
RefreshCache();
????????
public
void
RefreshCache(
string
[] propertyNames);
????????
public
void
Rename(
string
newName);
????
}
}
|
?
在Active Directory中搜索?
1.SearchRoot?
指定搜索從哪里開始,如當(dāng)前節(jié)點(diǎn)等?
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DirectorySearcher search =
new
DirectorySearcher();
search.SearchRoot = de;
|
?
2.過濾器?
過濾條件是用雙引號(hào)引起來的括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容如"(&(objectClass=user)(|(description=Auth*)(name=m*)))"?
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searcher.Filter=
"(&(objectClass=user)(|(description=Auth*)(name=m*)))"
|
?
3.搜索范圍?
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search.SearchScope = SearchScope.Subtree;
|
?
取值如下:Subtree,Base(只搜索對(duì)象中的屬性,至多可以得到一個(gè)對(duì)象),OneLevel(在基對(duì)象的子集中搜索,基對(duì)象不搜索)?
4.加載的屬性PropertiesToLoad?
對(duì)象的很多屬性都不太重要,此處定義了加載到緩存中的對(duì)象屬性,若沒有指定,默認(rèn)是對(duì)象的Path和Name屬性?
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search.PropertiesToLoad.Add(
"name"
);
search.PropertiesToLoad.Add(
"description"
);
search.PropertiesToLoad.Add(
"giveName"
);
search.PropertiesToLoad.Add(
"wWWWHomePage"
);
|
?
5.對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行排序,Sort函數(shù)有兩個(gè)參數(shù),第一個(gè)是要排序的字段,第二個(gè)為排序方式SortOption有兩個(gè)值,Ascending和Descending?
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search.Sort =
new
SortOption(
"givenName"
,SortDirection.Ascending);
|
?
6.開始搜索,FindAll()查找返回一個(gè)SearchResultCollection,FindOne()返回一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的SearchResult對(duì)象?
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SearchResultCollection results = searcher.FindAll();
|
?
?
根據(jù)用戶帳號(hào)取得AD USER Information
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/// <summary>
???
/// 根據(jù)用戶賬號(hào)取得AD User對(duì)象
???
/// </summary>
???
/// <param name="account"></param>
???
/// <returns></returns>
???
public
DirectoryEntry GetUserByAccount(
string
account)
???
{
???????
DirectoryEntry user =
null
;
???????
using
(DirectoryEntry entry =
new
DirectoryEntry(
this
.LDAPAddress,
this
.AdminAccount,
this
.AdminPassword, AuthenticationTypes.Secure))
???????
{
???????????
using
(DirectorySearcher searcher =
new
DirectorySearcher(entry))
???????????
{
???????????????
searcher.Filter =
"(&(objectClass=user)(sAMAccountName="
+ account +
"))"
;
???????????????
searcher.SearchScope = SearchScope.Subtree;
???????????????
SearchResult searchResult = searcher.FindOne();
???????????????
if
(searchResult !=
null
)
???????????????
{
???????????????????
user = searchResult.GetDirectoryEntry();
???????????????
}
???????????
}
???????????
entry.Close();
???????
}
???????
return
user;
???
}
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?
LDAPAddress的值
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判斷用戶名字是否存在
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//判斷用戶名字是否存在
????????
[DllImport(
"advapi32.dll"
, CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError =
true
, PreserveSig =
true
)]
????????
private
static
extern
bool
LookupAccountName(
??????????
string
lpSystemName,
string
lpAccountName,
??????????
System.IntPtr psid,
ref
int
cbsid,
??????????
StringBuilder domainName,
ref
int
cbdomainLength,
??????????
ref
int
use);
?
????????
public
bool
LookUpAccount(
string
accountName)
????????
{
????????????
//pointer an size for the SID
????????????
IntPtr sid = IntPtr.Zero;
????????????
int
sidSize = 0;
?
????????????
//StringBuilder and size for the domain name
????????????
StringBuilder domainName =
new
StringBuilder();
????????????
int
nameSize = 0;
?
????????????
//account-type variable for lookup
????????????
int
accountType = 0;
?
????????????
//get required buffer size
????????????
LookupAccountName(String.Empty, accountName, sid,
ref
sidSize, domainName,
ref
nameSize,
ref
accountType);
?
????????????
//allocate buffers
????????????
domainName =
new
StringBuilder(nameSize);
????????????
sid = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(sidSize);
?
????????????
//lookup the SID for the account
????????????
bool
result = LookupAccountName(String.Empty, accountName, sid,
ref
sidSize, domainName,
ref
nameSize,
ref
accountType);
????????????
if
(result)
????????????
{
????????????????
if
(accountName.ToLower().IndexOf(domainName.ToString().ToLower()) < 0)
????????????????
{
????????????????????
accountName = domainName +
"\\"
+ accountName;
????????????????
}
????????????????
//throw.Exception; .Show("The account is : " + accountName);
????????????
}
????????????
else
????????????
{
????????????????
//MessageBox.Show("Can't find the account.");
????????????
}
?
????????????
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(sid);
????????????
return
result;
????????
}
????
}
|
?
?
用戶賬號(hào)是否已處于活動(dòng)狀態(tài)（非禁用）
/// <summary>?
/// 用戶賬號(hào)是否已處于活動(dòng)狀態(tài)（非禁用）?
/// </summary>?
/// <param name="user"></param>?
/// <returns></returns>?
private bool IsUserActive(DirectoryEntry user)?
{?
??? int val = (int)user.Properties["userAccountControl"].Value;?
??? int flag = (int)(0x0002);?
??? int flagExists = val & flag;
??? if (flagExists > 0)?
??????? return false;?
??? else?
??????? return true;?
}
?
?
用戶登陸的實(shí)現(xiàn)
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/// <summary>
????
/// 用戶登錄驗(yàn)證
????
/// </summary>
????
/// <param name="account">AD賬號(hào)</param>
????
/// <param name="password">密碼</param>
????
/// <returns>
????
/// <para>True:驗(yàn)證成功</para>
????
/// <para>False:驗(yàn)證失敗，如果this.Error不為空，則為異常信息</para>
????
/// </returns>
????
public
ADLoginResult Login(
string
account,
string
password)
????
{
????????
ADLoginResult result = ADLoginResult.UnSuccess;
????????
/* Check Accout Empty */
????????
if
(
string
.IsNullOrEmpty(account))
????????
{
????????????
result = ADLoginResult.UnSuccess;
????????????
return
result;
????????
}
????????
DirectoryEntry entry =
null
;
????????
DirectoryEntry user =
null
;
????????
try
????????
{
????????????
/* Check Account Exists */
????????????
entry =
this
.GetUserByAccount(account);
????????????
if
(entry !=
null
)
????????????
{
????????????????
using
(entry)
????????????????
{
????????????????????
/* Check Account Active */
????????????????????
if
(
this
.IsUserActive(entry))
????????????????????
{
????????????????????????
/* Check Password */
????????????????????????
using
(user =
new
DirectoryEntry(
this
.LDAPAddress, account, password, AuthenticationTypes.Secure))
????????????????????????
{
????????????????????????????
object
obj = user.NativeObject;
????????????????????????????
user.Close();
????????????????????????
}
????????????????????????
user =
null
;
????????????????????????
result = ADLoginResult.Success;
????????????????????
}
????????????????????
else
????????????????????
{
????????????????????????
result = ADLoginResult.Disabled;
????????????????????
}
????????????????????
entry.Close();
????????????????
}
????????????
}
????????????
else
????????????
{
????????????????
result = ADLoginResult.UnSuccess;
????????????
}
????????
}
????????
catch
(Exception ex)
????????
{
????????????
this
.Error = ex;
????????
}
????????
finally
????????
{
????????????
if
(user !=
null
)
????????????
{
????????????????
user.Close();
????????????????
user.Dispose();
????????????
}
????????????
if
(entry !=
null
)
????????????
{
????????????????
entry.Close();
????????????????
entry.Dispose();
????????????
}
????????
}
????????
return
result;
????
}
|
?
?
?
?
修改用戶密碼
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/// <summary>
???
/// 修改用戶密碼
???
/// </summary>
???
/// <param name="account">AD賬號(hào)</param>
???
/// <param name="oldPassword">舊密碼</param>
???
/// <param name="newPassword">新密碼</param>
???
/// <returns>
???
/// <para>ChangePwdResult.Success:：修改成功</para>
???
/// <para>其它：修改失敗，如果this.Error不為空，則為異常信息</para>
???
/// </returns>
???
public
ChangePwdResult ChangePassword(
string
account,
string
oldPassword,
string
newPassword)
???
{
???????
ChangePwdResult result = ChangePwdResult.ChangePwdUnSuccess;
???????
/* Check Accout Empty */
???????
if
(
string
.IsNullOrEmpty(account))
???????
{
???????????
return
ChangePwdResult.UserNotExists;
???????
}
???????
DirectoryEntry user =
null
;
???????
/* Check Login */
???????
ADLoginResult loginSuccess =
this
.Login(account, oldPassword);
???????
try
???????
{
???????????
switch
(loginSuccess)
???????????
{
???????????????
case
ADLoginResult.Success:
???????????????????
#region [ Success ]
?
???????????????????
user =
this
.GetUserByAccount(account);
???????????????????
if
(user !=
null
)
???????????????????
{
???????????????????????
using
(user)
???????????????????????
{
???????????????????????????
bool
bImpSuccess =
false
;
???????????????????????????
if
(
this
.IsUseImpersonate)
???????????????????????????
{
???????????????????????????????
bImpSuccess =
this
._impersonation.BeginImpersonate();
???????????????????????????????
this
.ImpsersonateSuccess = bImpSuccess;
???????????????????????????????
if
(!bImpSuccess)
???????????????????????????????
{
???????????????????????????????????
/*
????????????????????????????????????
* 打開模擬情況下模擬失敗，先將結(jié)果默認(rèn)為AdminLoginUnSuccess；
????????????????????????????????????
* 如果密碼修改成功，則會(huì)更新結(jié)果為Success；如果異常，
????????????????????????????????????
*/
???????????????????????????????????
result = ChangePwdResult.AdminLoginUnSuccess;
???????????????????????????????
}
???????????????????????????
}
?
???????????????????????????
int
userAccountControl = Convert.ToInt32(user.Properties[
"userAccountControl"
][0]);
?
???????????????????????????
/* Change Password */
???????????????????????????
user.Invoke(
"SetPassword"
,
new
object
[] { newPassword });
???????????????????????????
user.CommitChanges();
?
???????????????????????????
if
(
this
.IsUseImpersonate
???????????????????????????????
&& bImpSuccess)
???????????????????????????
{
???????????????????????????????
this
._impersonation.StopImpersonate();
???????????????????????????
}
?
???????????????????????????
user.Close();
???????????????????????????
result = ChangePwdResult.Success;
???????????????????????
}
???????????????????????
user =
null
;
???????????????????
}
???????????????????
else
???????????????????
{
???????????????????????
result = ChangePwdResult.UserNotExists;
???????????????????
}
?
???????????????????
#endregion
???????????????????
break
;
???????????????
case
ADLoginResult.UnSuccess:
???????????????????
result = ChangePwdResult.WrongOldPwd;
???????????????????
break
;
???????????????
case
ADLoginResult.Disabled:
???????????????????
result = ChangePwdResult.Disabled;
???????????????????
break
;
???????????????
default
:
???????????????????
result = ChangePwdResult.ChangePwdUnSuccess;
???????????????????
break
;
???????????
}
???????
}
???????
catch
(Exception ex)
???????
{
???????????
/* 模擬失敗情況下，返回模擬失敗 */
???????????
if
(result != ChangePwdResult.AdminLoginUnSuccess)
???????????
{
???????????????
result = ChangePwdResult.ChangePwdUnSuccess;
???????????
}
???????????
this
.Error = ex;
/* Get Error */
???????
}
???????
finally
???????
{
???????????
if
(user !=
null
)
???????????
{
???????????????
user.Close();
???????????????
user.Dispose();
???????????
}
???????
}
???????
return
result;
???
}
|
?
?
總結(jié)
AD開發(fā)主要用于SSO(單點(diǎn)登陸的開發(fā)),在office communication 開發(fā)中會(huì)用到.希望能對(duì)大家有幫助.
?
參考文獻(xiàn)
1、 http://baike.baidu.com/view/41408.htm
歡迎各位參與討論，如果覺得對(duì)你有幫助，請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊
??? 推薦下，萬分謝謝.
作者： spring yang
出處： http://www.cnblogs.com/springyangwc/
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